In the previous section, we saw the electronic configuration upto the twenty second element. That is., up to Titanium. In this section we will see elements from twenty three to thirty.
23. Twenty third element Vanadium (V):
We have written the electronic configuration for the first thirty elements. In the next section, we will see some of the applications of this type of configuration.
23. Twenty third element Vanadium (V):
(i) V has an atomic number 23. It has 23 electrons.
(ii) We have seen how 22 electrons are distributed when we saw Ti. The 3d subshell is being filled up.
■ So the S.E.C of V is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3
24. Twenty fourth element Chromium (Cr):
(ii) We have seen how 22 electrons are distributed when we saw Ti. The 3d subshell is being filled up.
(iii) Any d subshell can accommodate 10 electrons. Out of these 10, only 2 is used up in Ti
(iv) So the Twenty third electron in V can be easily accommodated in 3d. This gives us 3d3.
Let us write the configurations of the 23 elements together:
1. H - 1s1
2. He - 1s2
3. Li - 1s22s1
4. Be - 1s22s2
5. B - 1s22s22p1
6. C - 1s22s22p2
7. N - 1s22s22p3
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Twenty fourth element Chromium (Cr):
(i) Cr has an atomic number 24. It has 24 electrons.
(ii) We have seen how 23 electrons are distributed when we saw V. The 3d subshell is being filled up.
■ So we would expect the final configuration of Cr to be 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d4
■ But unfortunately, this is not the case. Let us analyse:
(a) The configuration of the previous element V is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3.
(b) When the next electron is added in chromium, 3d3 becomes 3d4.
(c) Now, any d subshell can accommodate 10 electrons. Half of 10 is 5.
♦ A completely full d subshell (that is., d10) AND
♦ A half full d subshell (that is., d5)
• has greater stability than partially filled d subshell
(d) So the 3d4 tries to become 3d5.
(e) For that, an electron in the 4s jumps to 3d
(f) Thus, 4s2 becomes 4s1 and 3d4 becomes 3d5.
■ So the S.E.C of Cr is 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5
25. Twenty fifth element Manganese (Mn):
26. Twenty sixth element Iron (Fe):
(ii) We have seen how 23 electrons are distributed when we saw V. The 3d subshell is being filled up.
(iii) Any d subshell can accommodate 10 electrons. Out of these 10, only 3 is used up in V
(iv) So the Twenty fourth electron in Cr can be easily accommodated in 3d. This gives us 3d4.
■ But unfortunately, this is not the case. Let us analyse:
(a) The configuration of the previous element V is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3.
(b) When the next electron is added in chromium, 3d3 becomes 3d4.
(c) Now, any d subshell can accommodate 10 electrons. Half of 10 is 5.
♦ A completely full d subshell (that is., d10) AND
♦ A half full d subshell (that is., d5)
• has greater stability than partially filled d subshell
(d) So the 3d4 tries to become 3d5.
(e) For that, an electron in the 4s jumps to 3d
(f) Thus, 4s2 becomes 4s1 and 3d4 becomes 3d5.
■ So the S.E.C of Cr is 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5
Let us write the configurations of the 24 elements together:
1. H - 1s1
2. He - 1s2
3. Li - 1s22s1
4. Be - 1s22s2
5. B - 1s22s22p1
6. C - 1s22s22p2
7. N - 1s22s22p3
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Cr - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 OR [Ar]4s13d5.
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Cr - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 OR [Ar]4s13d5.
25. Twenty fifth element Manganese (Mn):
(i) Mn has an atomic number 25. It has 25 electrons.
(ii) We have seen how 24 electrons are distributed when we saw Cr. One electron jumped away from 4s. The 4s is now half filled. It can accommodate one more electron
(iii) So the Twenty fifth electron in Mn will go to 4s, giving us 4s2 from 4s1.
■ So the S.E.C of Mn is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5 (ii) We have seen how 24 electrons are distributed when we saw Cr. One electron jumped away from 4s. The 4s is now half filled. It can accommodate one more electron
(iii) So the Twenty fifth electron in Mn will go to 4s, giving us 4s2 from 4s1.
Let us write the configurations of the 25 elements together:
1. H - 1s1
2. He - 1s2
3. Li - 1s22s1
4. Be - 1s22s2
5. B - 1s22s22p1
6. C - 1s22s22p2
7. N - 1s22s22p3
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Cr - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 OR [Ar]4s13d5.
25. Mn - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5 OR [Ar]4s23d5.
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Cr - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 OR [Ar]4s13d5.
25. Mn - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5 OR [Ar]4s23d5.
26. Twenty sixth element Iron (Fe):
(i) Fe has an atomic number 26. It has 26 electrons.
(ii) We have seen how 25 electrons are distributed when we saw Mn. 4s was completed
(iii) The 3d now has 5 electrons. It can accommodate a total of 10.
(iv) So the twenty sixth electron in Fe goes to the 3d, giving us 3d6.
■ So the S.E.C of Fe is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
27. Twenty seventh element Cobalt (Co):
(ii) We have seen how 25 electrons are distributed when we saw Mn. 4s was completed
(iii) The 3d now has 5 electrons. It can accommodate a total of 10.
(iv) So the twenty sixth electron in Fe goes to the 3d, giving us 3d6.
■ So the S.E.C of Fe is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
Let us write the configurations of the 26 elements together:
1. H - 1s1
2. He - 1s2
3. Li - 1s22s1
4. Be - 1s22s2
5. B - 1s22s22p1
6. C - 1s22s22p2
7. N - 1s22s22p3
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Cr - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 OR [Ar]4s13d5
25. Mn - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5 OR [Ar]4s23d5
26. Fe - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 OR [Ar]4s23d6.
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Cr - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 OR [Ar]4s13d5
25. Mn - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5 OR [Ar]4s23d5
26. Fe - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 OR [Ar]4s23d6.
27. Twenty seventh element Cobalt (Co):
(i) Co has an atomic number 27. It has 27 electrons.
(ii) We have seen how 26 electrons are distributed when we saw Fe. 3d is now being filled up.
(iii) The 3d now has 6 electrons. It can accommodate a total of 10.
(iv) So the twenty seventh electron in Co goes to the 3d, giving us 3d7.
■ So the S.E.C of Co is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d7
28. Twenty eighth element Nickel (Ni):
(ii) We have seen how 26 electrons are distributed when we saw Fe. 3d is now being filled up.
(iii) The 3d now has 6 electrons. It can accommodate a total of 10.
(iv) So the twenty seventh electron in Co goes to the 3d, giving us 3d7.
■ So the S.E.C of Co is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d7
Let us write the configurations of the 27 elements together:
1. H - 1s1
2. He - 1s2
3. Li - 1s22s1
4. Be - 1s22s2
5. B - 1s22s22p1
6. C - 1s22s22p2
7. N - 1s22s22p3
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Cr - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 OR [Ar]4s13d5
25. Mn - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5 OR [Ar]4s23d5
26. Fe - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 OR [Ar]4s23d6
27. Co - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 OR [Ar]4s23d7.
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Cr - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 OR [Ar]4s13d5
25. Mn - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5 OR [Ar]4s23d5
26. Fe - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 OR [Ar]4s23d6
27. Co - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 OR [Ar]4s23d7.
28. Twenty eighth element Nickel (Ni):
(i) Ni has an atomic number 28. It has 28 electrons.
(ii) We have seen how 27 electrons are distributed when we saw Co. 3d is now being filled up.
(iii) The 3d now has 7 electrons. It can accommodate a total of 10.
(iv) So the twenty eighth electron in Ni goes to the 3d, giving us 3d8.
■ So the S.E.C of Ni is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8
29. Twenty ninth element Copper (Cu):
(ii) We have seen how 27 electrons are distributed when we saw Co. 3d is now being filled up.
(iii) The 3d now has 7 electrons. It can accommodate a total of 10.
(iv) So the twenty eighth electron in Ni goes to the 3d, giving us 3d8.
■ So the S.E.C of Ni is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8
Let us write the configurations of the 28 elements together:
1. H - 1s1
2. He - 1s2
3. Li - 1s22s1
4. Be - 1s22s2
5. B - 1s22s22p1
6. C - 1s22s22p2
7. N - 1s22s22p3
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Cr - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 OR [Ar]4s13d5
25. Mn - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5 OR [Ar]4s23d5
26. Fe - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 OR [Ar]4s23d6
27. Co - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d7 OR [Ar]4s23d7
28. Ni - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8 OR [Ar]4s23d8
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Cr - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 OR [Ar]4s13d5
25. Mn - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5 OR [Ar]4s23d5
26. Fe - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 OR [Ar]4s23d6
27. Co - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d7 OR [Ar]4s23d7
28. Ni - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8 OR [Ar]4s23d8
29. Twenty ninth element Copper (Cu):
(i) Cu has an atomic number 29. It has 29 electrons.
(ii) We have seen how 28 electrons are distributed when we saw Ni. The 3d subshell is being filled up.
■ So we would expect the final configuration of Cu to be 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d9
■ But unfortunately, this is not the case. Let us analyse:
(a) The configuration of the previous element Ni is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8.
(b) When the next electron is added in chromium, 3d8 becomes 3d9.
(c) Now, any d subshell can accommodate 10 electrons. As we have seen in the case of chromium above,
♦ A completely full d subshell (that is., d10)
• has greater stability than partially filled d subshell
(d) So the 3d9 tries to become 3d10.
(e) For that, an electron in the 4s jumps to 3d
(f) Thus, 4s2 becomes 4s1 and 3d9 becomes 3d10
■ So the S.E.C of Cu is 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10
30. Thirtieth element Zinc (Zn):
(i) Zn has an atomic number 30. It has 30 electrons.
(ii) We have seen how 28 electrons are distributed when we saw Ni. The 3d subshell is being filled up.
(iii) Any d subshell can accommodate 10 electrons. Out of these 10, only 8 is used up in Ni
(iv) So the Twenty ninth electron in Cu can be easily accommodated in 3d. This gives us 3d9.
■ But unfortunately, this is not the case. Let us analyse:
(a) The configuration of the previous element Ni is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8.
(b) When the next electron is added in chromium, 3d8 becomes 3d9.
(c) Now, any d subshell can accommodate 10 electrons. As we have seen in the case of chromium above,
♦ A completely full d subshell (that is., d10)
• has greater stability than partially filled d subshell
(d) So the 3d9 tries to become 3d10.
(e) For that, an electron in the 4s jumps to 3d
(f) Thus, 4s2 becomes 4s1 and 3d9 becomes 3d10
■ So the S.E.C of Cu is 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10
Let us write the configurations of the 29 elements together:
1. H - 1s1
2. He - 1s2
3. Li - 1s22s1
4. Be - 1s22s2
5. B - 1s22s22p1
6. C - 1s22s22p2
7. N - 1s22s22p3
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Cr - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 OR [Ar]4s13d5
25. Mn - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5 OR [Ar]4s23d5
26. Fe - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 OR [Ar]4s23d6
27. Co - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d7 OR [Ar]4s23d7
28. Ni - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8 OR [Ar]4s23d8
29. Cu - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10 OR [Ar]4s13d10
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Cr - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 OR [Ar]4s13d5
25. Mn - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5 OR [Ar]4s23d5
26. Fe - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 OR [Ar]4s23d6
27. Co - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d7 OR [Ar]4s23d7
28. Ni - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8 OR [Ar]4s23d8
29. Cu - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10 OR [Ar]4s13d10
30. Thirtieth element Zinc (Zn):
(i) Zn has an atomic number 30. It has 30 electrons.
(ii) We have seen how 29 electrons are distributed when we saw Cu. One electron jumped away from 4s. The 4s is now half filled. It can accommodate one more electron
(iii) So the Thirtieth electron in Zn will go to 4s, giving us 4s2 from 4s1.
■ So the S.E.C of Zn is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10 (iii) So the Thirtieth electron in Zn will go to 4s, giving us 4s2 from 4s1.
Let us write the configurations of the 30 elements together:
1. H - 1s1
2. He - 1s2
3. Li - 1s22s1
4. Be - 1s22s2
5. B - 1s22s22p1
6. C - 1s22s22p2
7. N - 1s22s22p3
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Cr - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 OR [Ar]4s13d5.
25. Mn - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5 OR [Ar]4s23d5
26. Fe - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 OR [Ar]4s23d6
27. Co - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d7 OR [Ar]4s23d7.
28. Ni - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8 OR [Ar]4s23d8.
29. Cu - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10 OR [Ar]4s13d10.
30. Zn - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10 OR [Ar]4s23d10.
8. O - 1s22s22p4
9. F - 1s22s22p5
10. Ne - 1s22s22p6
11. Na - 1s22s22p63s1 OR [Ne]3s1
12. Mg - 1s22s22p63s2 OR [Ne]3s2
13. Al - 1s22s22p63s23p1 OR [Ne]3s23p1
14. Si - 1s22s22p63s23p2 OR [Ne]3s23p2
15. P - 1s22s22p63s23p3 OR [Ne]3s23p3
16. S - 1s22s22p63s23p4 OR [Ne]3s23p4
17. Cl - 1s22s22p63s23p5. OR [Ne]3s23p5
18. Ar - 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. K - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 OR [Ar]4s1
20. Ca - 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 OR [Ar]4s2
21. Sc - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 OR [Ar]4s23d1
22. Ti - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2 OR [Ar]4s23d2
23. V - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 OR [Ar]4s23d3
24. Cr - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 OR [Ar]4s13d5.
25. Mn - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5 OR [Ar]4s23d5
26. Fe - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 OR [Ar]4s23d6
27. Co - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d7 OR [Ar]4s23d7.
28. Ni - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8 OR [Ar]4s23d8.
29. Cu - 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10 OR [Ar]4s13d10.
30. Zn - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10 OR [Ar]4s23d10.
We have written the electronic configuration for the first thirty elements. In the next section, we will see some of the applications of this type of configuration.
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